The varicose veins in the legs are a specific expansion of the veins of the lower extremities, which is accompanied by a general violation of blood flow and valve failure. The expansion of the veins is characteristic of women and men aged 40 to 60 years.
Development mechanism
The trigger in the development of a pathology as varicose veins is considered a violation of the normal operation of venous valves with the occurrence of blood reflux (reflux - reverse current). At the cellular level, this is associated with a violation of the balance between some venous wall components.
The early stage is characterized by the presence of a genetic and causal factor (prolonged stay in sitting position, overweight, injury and so on). At the same time, the so -called changing shear stress parameter, which is a set of blood movement indicators through the vessels, for which the endothelium reacts very sensible.
If the annoying factor has been working for a long time on the vessel wall, leukocytes will be firmly fixed on endothelial cells, which cause the initial stage of inflammation. The inflammatory process spreads through the venous canal of the lower ends.
Especially quickly, these processes occur in valves, which are subject to constant and heavy mechanical tension. However, inflammation on one leg may be more pronounced than in the other. First of all, it depends on the initial cause of damage to the organ, for example, in the right leg, varicose veins may be more pronounced among the athletes who are emphasized in it.
With damage to the valves, a pathological discharge of blood occurs in the mouth of a large and small subcutaneous veins. Due to reset, there is an excess of blood flow, the venous vessel wall occurs.
Over time, dynamic venous hypertension develops, characterized by a decrease in vessel pressure, as a rule, this occurs during the walk, until the level of impossibility of ensuring normal blood perfusion through the tissue.
This process is accompanied by edema, impregnation of subcutaneous tissue with blood cells (red blood cells and leukocytes). Over time, the skin changes color, waves, skin pigmentation is improved. With the death of cells, which is not indecent during medical care, which leads to the development of trophic ulcers.
Varicose veins
Since 2000, a new classification of varicose veins of the lower ends has been developed.
Varicose veins:
- Intradermal or segmental varicose veins without pathological changes;
- Segmental varicose veins with vein superficial reflux;
- Common varicose veins of surface veins;
- Varicosa expansion in the presence of deep vein reflux.
The degree of chronic venous insufficiency:
- 0 - does not develop;
- I - "heavy legs" syndrome, the appearance of edema;
- II - persistent edema, eczema, lipodosmosclerosis;
- III - trophic ulcer.
The complications of venous expansion of the lower limb veins are one of the serious conditions that affect the body: thrombophlebitis, trophic ulcers, erysipelas, erysipelas or bleeding.
DISEASE WORK CLASSIFICATION
By way:
- Varicose veins of the subcutaneous thigh vein (starting through the mouth) - descendants varicose veins;
- vein varicose veins (defeat of the legs and feet of the bottom, starting from the bottom up);
By clinical groups:
- The first group is a segmental internal expansion of veins without perfokers;
- The second group is the expansion of venous trunks fragments;
- The third group is the expansion of the subcutaneous thigh and leg vein;
- The fourth group is a varicose extension of a large and small subcutaneous vein with the presence of insolvent perforators;
- The fifth group is the expansion of surface veins, a large and small subcutaneous vein with tissue induction.
The classification of work by complications and the degree of chronic failure do not differ from the standard.
The reasons for the development of varicose veins
The exact reason for the development of this pathology has not yet been fully clarified, but there are several factors that contribute to the occurrence of varicose veins:
- The genetic predisposition (the mutant gene responsible for the vessel wall structure is transmitted);
- Changes in the hormonal background (pregnancy - during pregnancy, the composition of hormones in the body changes (the amount of progesterone increases and estrogen decreases), which directly affects the formation of blood clotting factors);
- Obesity (overweight leads to a sedentary lifestyle and, consequently, to a collapse);
- Diabetes mellitus (increased blood sugar damages the vessel wall over time);
- Alcohol abuse (a large amount of blood alcohol is the cause of blood dehydration and condensation);
- Heavy physical activity;
- congenital blood coagulation disorders;
- irrational nutrition, errors in the diet;
- Inconvenient and closed underwear (constant use leads to a compression of blood vessels);
- Frequent constipation (increased intra -abdominal pressure leads to difficult blood to exit in the lower limbs);
- Constant jump walk (development of stagnation and insufficient muscle movement);
- Increased air temperature (leads to dehydration, blood condensation and, consequently, to the formation of blood clots);
- Cardiovascular and kidney system diseases;
- Overdose with drugs that increase blood coagulation;
- Surgical interventions (blood loss, vessel compression).
Varicose veins
For this period of medicine development, three main stages of varicose veins and the early stage are distinguished when the disease is very difficult to perceive.
The early stage of the disease is accompanied by swelling, weight, often sick complain that the legs hurt during a long walk. All of these are signs of the beginning of the pathology, it is time to start prevention - massage, leg creams, physical activity.
The expansion of the veins of the 1st degree.This stage is characterized by all the symptoms listed above, to which vascular stars, bruises on the legs, veins tied, visible through the skin are added. In addition, the appearance of seizures at night and burning in the stop area is observed.
The expansion of the 2nd degree veins.At this stage, the total number of stars and we increase, they become more noticeable. The swelling appears, leg pain increases and becomes unbearable to bear -a.
The expansion of the veins of the third degree.This is the hardest on the stage, which is accompanied by serious lesions of the skin of the legs, becomes dry, lifeless and cracked. The leg skin becomes dark blue, its structure and pigmentation are changing.
The third stage is the last when this pathological process can be called varicose veins. Subsequent development of processes ceases for more serious diseases.
It is advisable to consult a doctor in the second stage of the development of the disease, because over time, medical care is not provided in serious consequences.
The question arises immediately, "Which doctor will he go to? " The answer is simply - a doctor specializing in the vein pathology of the lower extremities is called a phlebologist.
Clinical symptoms and varicose veins
The main signs of this disease are numerous extensions of subcutaneous veins, which is why the disease is called. The onset of the disease is usually accompanied by some non -specific characteristics.
In this state, patients feel severe in the legs, fast fatigue during movement, sometimes burning and cramps. In addition to pain, the disease manifests itself by the edema that develops in the late afternoon, after a day of hard work.
With a long vary, symptoms such as eczema and itching appear. Patients scratch their legs, creating uncomfortable sensations. Due to the development of the disease, the skin above the veins becomes thinner, the itching sites are constantly hairstyles, which leads to the appearance of wounds.
Over time, the skin color in the leg becomes bluish. If medical care is not provided in such a situation, it is possible to develop skin hyperpigmentation and lipoderms. In even more advanced stages, trophic ulcers develop.
Disease diagnosis
Variously expanded veins are visible and are not armed with an armed appearance, however, how dangerous this condition should be discovered using instrumental diagnostic methods.
Currently, the most informative method is the ultrasound methodology of the duplex scanning of the veins. With his help, he is evaluated by the operation of the valves, the cross capacity and the presence of blood clots. The timely study of the veins will avoid serious and irreversible consequences.
Treatment Methods
How to treat varicose veins? Cure varicose veins is possible only with the help of surgical intervention. People who have a predisposition or hereditary risk factors recommend visiting a specialized doctor 2-3 times a year, for vein ultrasound examination, the operation of varicose veins is prescribed in the second stage of disease development.
How much does the operation cost? Price can be compromised differently, it all depends on the severity of disease development.
Surgical treatment
Phlegic
Indications for vein removal: extensive varicose veins, pathological expansion of subcutaneous veins, trophic ulcers, acute thrombophlebitia, deep vein expansion accompanied by general evil (fatigue, dizziness).
Contra -Indications for the disease: coronary heart disease, pregnancy, elderly age, serious infectious diseases, inflammatory processes.
The advantage of surgical treatment is that this is the only effective method of treatment in advanced forms of the disease.
The disadvantage of this treatment: trauma, anesthesia, a long postoperative period.
Laser Therapy (EVVK)
Indications: Varicose veins in the legs in combination with various serious diseases (ischemia, thrombophlebitis, asthma, bronchitis, pleurisy, ulcer, cholecystitis, pyelonephritis, peritonitis, dermatitis and boiling).
Laser treatment is against -indicated in cases in which it is observed: oncology, liver disease, kidneys, heart (stage of decompensation), pregnancy and cerebral sclerosis.
The advantages of this treatment are to get rid of the vascular standard, the maximum, painless and safe fast procedure, does not require stationary and attractive observation.
Disadvantages: It is not possible to be possible, the appearance of scars or clarifications of the surrounding tissue.
Radio Frequency Coagulation of varicose veins
Indications: Varical veins with damage to the trunk of a small and large subcutaneous vein, trophic ulcers.
Against -indications: Acute form of thrombophlebitis, mental disorders, pregnancy.
Advantages: Indolence, hospitalization is not necessary after surgery, does not interfere with work.
Disadvantages: expensive procedure.
Sclerotherapy
Indications: Varicose veins in the early stages.
Contraindications: pregnancy, breastfeeding, allergic reaction to the sclerosant and purulent-inflammatory processes of the legs, thrombosis.
The advantages of this treatment method are that this treatment is financially cheaper than surgery, rapid recovery, the best cosmetic effect.
Disadvantages: Perhaps entering the deep veins of the sclerosis is not enough effective with advanced forms of the disease.
Drug treatment
Drug treatment helps improve blood vessels, valve state, improves blood flow and lymphony and also eliminate inflammation, but does not heal the patient.
How to treat?
All necessary products of varicose veins are divided into:
- Phlebotonics;
- non -esteroid analgesics;
- hormonal drugs;
- antipromboids;
- Aspirin -based drugs.
Household treatment
Traditional medicine provides the use of various ointments, lotions, dyes, feet or decoctions.
Varicose vein vinegar values. It is impossible to cure a disease with folkloric recipes, however, to relieve very real symptoms, especially at the early stage of development. For this, apple cider vinegar is used for wrapping, cleaning, oral administration or compresses.
How to avoid disease?
A sedentary lifestyle, permanent work, pregnancy is a larger load as a result of which a disease like varicose veins develops.
Varicherosis in women is the same problem as cellulite, so special creams, lotions, compression socks and lymphatic drainage to combat it were developed.
According to statistics, varicose veins in men are extremely rare and, even if there is much more slowly development.
Can I play sports?
Varicherosis and race are two factors that always walk nearby. The most effective prevention of the expansion of the veins of any of the internships is constant physical effort: running, gymnastics, various strength exercises on the legs, bicycles and so on.
There are several simple exercises to improve blood flow and prevent varicose veins:
- The rotation of the foot clockwise 20 times in each direction.
- Work with your fingers. Extending and sticking your fingers 20 times.
- Star in socks, then on heels, and after rolling from heels to socks and returning 20 to 30 times.